Ram Nath Kovind become the 14th President of India.

20 july:                    

Today after a poll result decleare National Democratic Alliance (NDA) candidate Ram Nath Kovind, has become the 14th President Of India.

                                 

 He beat former Lok Sabha Chairperson Meera Kumar.

                   

 Kovind received 66 per cent votes while Mrs Kumar could only manage to get 34 per cent of the votes.
   here we discuss about  the 4 unknown facts of in a short autobiography in 4 parts.

                 

     1 .    Birth and education

  Born on October 1, 1945, in Kanpur, Ram Nath Kovind is the serving governor of Bihar. Kovind completed his bachelor's degree in commerce and then he studied law in Kanpur University.

     2.       Lawyer by profession
 Kovind has served as a central government advocate in the Delhi High Court from 1977 to 1979 before he served Central Government Standing Counsel in the Supreme Court from 1980 to 1993. Kovind had become an advocate on Supreme Court record in 1978.

    Kovind completed his bachelor's degree in commerce and then went on to study law from Kanpur University. He was a Central government advocate in the Delhi High Court from 1977 to 1979 and then a Central Government Standing Counsel in the Supreme Court from 1980 to 1993.

                     

 He became the Advocate-on-Record of the Supreme Court in 1978.

    3.  Kovind’s political journey
 Kovind has BJP’s Dalit face from the late 1980s, but his political career started in April 1994 when he was elected as  Rajya Sabha MP. Kovind served two consecutive terms for 12 years until March 2006.

    Kovind headed the BJP’s Scheduled Caste Morcha between 1999 and 2002 and during that time present PM Narendra Modi was the BJP’s general secretary.
    Kovind is seen close to Rajnath Singh and had campaigned against Mayawati in 2012 elections.

                       

  Member of various committees
    Kovind has also served as Member of the various important Parliamentary Committees. Parliamentary Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes/Tribes, Parliamentary Committee on Home Affairs.

Parliamentary Committee on Petroleum and Natural Gas, Parliamentary Committee on Social Justice and Empowerment, Parliamentary Committee on Law and Justice, Chairman of Rajya Sabha House Committee are few of them.

 4.     Governor of Bihar

Kovind had also represented India at United Nations and had addressed United Nationals General Assembly in October 2002. In 2015, Kovind was appointed as governor of Bihar in 2015 amid controversy that centre hadn’t informed the state government about his appointment which was deemed unconstitutional by CM Nitish Kumar.

RJP Chief Lalu Yadav had also objected to Kovind appointment as governor while alleging that Kovind has allegiance with RSS.

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Saraswati, a supercluster of galaxies named & discovered by indian scientists

A group of Indian astronomers have discovered a massive supercluster of galaxies, and have named it Saraswati. The supercluster is about 4 billion light years away and spreads over a “great wall” about 600 million light years across. This makes it one of the largest superclusters to be discovered and also the furthest.

The astronomers belong to Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) and Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER) in Pune, besides NIT, Jamshedpur and Newman College, Thodupuzha.
The first supercluster of galaxies, the Shapley Supercluster, was discovered in 1989, and the second, the Sloan Great Wall in 2003. The Milky Way galaxy is part of the Laniakea Supercluster, which was discovered in 2014.

“It is the first time that we have seen a supercluster that is so far away. Even the Shapley is about 8-10 times closer,” says Somak Raychaudhury, Director of IUCAA and one of the authors of the paper being published in the latest issue of The Astrophysical Journal .

Prof. Raychaudhury was part of the team that discovered Shapley, named after American astronomer Harlow Shapley. “We have a habit of naming galaxies after rivers; the Milky Way is referred to as Akash Ganga. So we thought of naming this supercluster after the ancient river Saraswati,” says Prof. Raychaudhury. Along with Dr. Joydeep Bagchi, the lead author of the paper, he began studying this region 15 years ago, using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and found two clusters close by. He suspected they were part of a larger group.

Clumpy universe

The structure of the universe is not a homogeneous distribution of matter. It is clumpy with galaxies forming clusters and these in turn forming superclusters. There are thin “filaments” that connect galaxies, forming a cosmic web, and there are large voids in between.

The current belief is that infant galaxies form in these filaments and then drift to the intersections of the filaments where they grow. The Saraswati supercluster could challenge this premise, because it had formed so early and building such a big structure far back might have been difficult. When sighting a supercluster of galaxies 4 billion light years away, the observer is looking back about 4 billion years. A light year is the distance travelled by light in one year. Given the belief that the universe is 13.8 billion years old, the discovery implies that such a huge structure existed even when the universe was just about ten billion years old. This raises questions about the formation of large structures and the nature of the universe, astronomers say.
Dark matter and dark energy are invoked to explain the structure of the universe. Dark matter, being massive, binds together the universe while dark energy, exciting the surrounding space, drives it apart; the balance of the two effects helps in maintaining the universe in its present form.

“Theory has always been confounded by nature. It is true that the balance between dark matter and dark energy can produce large structures, but a supercluster of this size does present an enigma,” says Prof. Raychaudhury.

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Laptop Ban on Direct Flights Between Morocco and US to Be Lifted, Says Royal Air Maroc

A ban on carrying laptop computers and other large electronic devices in aircraft cabins on direct flights between Morocco and the United States will be lifted on Thursday, Morocco's Royal Air Maroc said in a statement.

In March, the United States banned laptops in cabins on flights originating at 10 airports in eight countries - Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar and Turkey - to address fears that bombs could be concealed in them.

Royal Air Maroc is the only carrier to operate direct flights to the United States, flying from Casablanca's Mohammed V International Airport to New York and Washington D.C.

It did not say why the restrictions had been lifted, but the US Department of Homeland Security had already dropped restrictions on six of the airlines after they adopted stricter screening for explosives and other enhanced measures.

The department said on Tuesday it would review requests by the remaining three Middle Eastern airlines - from Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Egypt - to have the ban lifted.

State-owned EgyptAir said it expected the restrictions to be removed on Wednesday. Saudi Arabian Airlines, also known as Saudia, said it expected the ban to be lifted on flights from Jeddah and Riyadh by July 19.

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Railway Recruitment 2017

The Railway Recruitment Board or RRB often conducts the RRB NTPC Recruitment process. These Recruitments are in the Non-Technical field (i.e Non-Technical Popular Category orNTPC). As you know, the Railways is the biggest recruiter in India. Most of you who aspire to work with the Government of India would want to know in detail about the RRB NTPC Recruitment for 2017. So, here is a good news for all! In the year 2017, RRB will be recruiting over 2.5 lakh individuals. 

Though the Official Notification regarding this is not out yet, it is scheduled to be released in the month of September. Read below to know in detail about the cause of this massive number of vacancies! In this recruitment of 2.5 lakh candidates, more than 80,000 vacancieswill be filled for Security Department, viz. Loco Pilot, Assistant Loco Pilot, Guard, Assistant Station Master, Gang-man, Line-man, Key-man & Maintenance.

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